First Play-By-Play Football BroadcastLegends from the early days of A&MC are not always accurate. In the retelling of those stories, sometime details are lost or misstated or misinterpreted to the point that accuracy is compromised. One legend that has suffered a number of errors in fact in the past 80 some odd years has to do with the first radio broadcast of a football game. This is the true story, extracted from reports submitted by those directly involved in the 1921 broadcast.
The date was Thursday (Thanksgiving Day), November 24, 1921 (not 1919 or 1920 as you may have heard.) The game was between Texas A&M and the University of Texas and the game was being played at Kyle Field. The broadcaster in the Kyle Field pressbox was H.M. Saunders ('21) and he was assisted by two spotters (A&M and TU.) Saunder's equipment was not a microphone but a telegraph transmitting key plus a headset.
Wire tied to posts, trees and over buildings connected the press box to the radio transmitter located in a room in the Electrical Engineering Building (Bolton Hall.) Call letters for A&M station were 5XB (X denoting an experimental station.) Call letter for the TU station were 5XU. W.A. Doc Tolson ('23) was Chief Operator of station 5XB but he did not participate in the actual broadcast because of duties in the Aggie Band ... but he was instrumental in gathering the equipment from a variety of sources to construct the transmitter. (And excused himself briefly from band duties to run to Bolton to reset a fuse during the broadcast.)
Pictured below is Doc Tolson and the 1921 transmitter for A&MC radio station 5XB.
Now, how this all began. Early in 1921 Tolson and other members of the radio club at A&M (established in 1912) contacted student members of the radio club at TU and over time worked out details of the A&M station broadcasting a play by play of the game in College Station to the TU station and for them to broadcast the information received by loudspeaker to TU students gathered there. It was agreed and both student groups began work.
First order for A&M students was to build a transmitter with sufficient power and stamina to broadcast 3 hours straight. Some equipment they borrowed from WWI Signal Corps assets still on campus, some they had to design and build, and some admittedly was pilfered from various laboratories. The antenna was a wire strung from a tower on top of Bolton Hall to the roof of Legett Hall. There were tons of technical details that I will not go into.
But the clincher was that the broadcast would necessarily be in Morse Code since voice transmission was not available at the time.
The problem: how to do a play-by-play in Morse Code since a good telegraph operator could send only about 20 words per minute; speaking voice is about 120 words per minute. The key was a shorthand code developed with the help of an assistant coach to represent players, plays, yardage, etc., that could be worked into a 2 or 3 character bit. Using this, the telegrapher could describe an entire play with 6 or 8 characters, about the length of one word. Ham radio operators throughout the state overheard the planning of this shorthand code and requests began piling into the EE building for copies of the game code.
On the day of the game, this is the way it worked. H.M. Saunders, aided by his spotters, watched the play. Saunders used his shorthand code book tapped the coded letters in Morse Code which went directly to the Bolton Hall transmitter ... and from there into the air all over Texas. The fellows at the University of Texas copied the Morse Code dits and dahs to arrive at the message encoded in the prearranged shorthand. The next person at the table translated the shorthand into clear text and this was read by another person over a loudspeaker to the crowd of students on the ground below.
The broadcast at TU was real-time, play-by-play of a football game 90 miles away ... something never before accomplished.
The final score of the game was 0-0, a scoreless tie. And that my friends are the facts behind the legend ... and the story gets better each time it is told.
For more a detailed description follow the link below to the website of the TAMU Ham Radio Club ... now with call letters W5AC.
http://w5ac.tamu.edu/5xb.php[This message has been edited by fossil_ag (edited 2/28/2007 10:10p).]
[This message has been edited by fossil_ag (edited 2/28/2007 10:23p).]
[This message has been edited by fossil_ag (edited 3/2/2007 8:55a).]