cbr said:
so interesting topic maybe -
what makes a cgi world 'look' right?
i personally think the LOTR movies did a really good job about half the time. the shire, rohan - absolutely amazing but that was physical sets.
mordor - worked perfectly.
gondor, orthanc - pretty impressive for its day i would say.
balrog scenes - incredible.
stupid bridge collapsing scenes, some of the last battle, fairly weak... rivendell and lorien were a bit cartoony.
so anyway, fast forward - this show seems a little more on the cartoony side, even though it is 20 years more advanced tech.
my personal taste goes more for the real sets, the recent Dune/bladerunner 2049/rogue 1 CGI looks....
how much is talent/budget and how much is style/choice?
For me, it's lighting, texture, and integration.
Lighting is really hard between live action and CGI because there's natural lighting in live action that has to be duplicated in CGI. That's difficult because the natural light is bouncing off and diffusing all over the set/location, which is not in the CGI environment. Even if you perfectly place the sources and get their intensities and colors matched, the diffusion is different. To me CGI characters always look oddly lit in relation to their surroundings.
With CGI environments, lighting is also difficult because, again, it isn't natural. It is all calculated by the rendering engine. LOTR's large scenes all looked really natural because they were shot with bigatures (massive, high LOD miniatures). The lighting for these sets probably couldn't be matched by CGI. For the wide angle shots of things like the battle of pellenor fields or the flyover of Isengard, the CGI characters were very small and any lack of detail or lighting problems was imperceptible because it was like looking at a mannequin from really far away. At the end of the day, they hold up really, really well because so much of the shot is natural and the weaknesses of CGI are minimized (no pun intended).
Texture is another. There's a lot of mapping that goes into CGI models to create their surfaces, and the high levels of detail needed for realistic things like skin and fur are resource intensive just to render. Then you you need to add realistic movement. Even for static objects, it's all about the surface textures. A lot of CGI is somewhat simple objects that have photos and textures mapped on top of them. At render time, the render engine can take those and essentially reshape the simpler object with the texture mapping. It's complicated and that's maybe an oversimplification, but that's the ELI5 version. That said, you can only get so detailed doing that. CGI usually looks a little too smooth and clean. Unless you can hide it with low light where having fewer details is less obvious.
Integration is also difficult since CGI is often done in layers. If you watch hand animated films, you can easily differentiate between the stills and the background when anything like a door or leaves or something is going to move because the colors are always slightly off. You get a similar effect when there's multiple background stills that move together to give a sense of changing perspective. The reason is that everything is layered, and CGI gets the same effect. I love the Frozen movies, but I've noticed this effect in them and i can't unsee it. Specifically in Frozen, after Anna falls into the river and is waking through the snow, she just doesn't quite line up with everything. In Frozen II, the end with Elsa on the water nok going down the fjord doesn't quite layer right (to me), you can kind of tell that she's on one layer and the water is on another. It's the same when the water hits her ice wall. The water and wall just look like they're separate, like the water is hitting an invisible wall and the ice wall is just a 2D picture to hide it
This also makes integrating into live action difficult, as you need the CGI to not only match the lighting, but the character or object has to line up with the live action shot (feet on the ground, occluded behind obstacles correctly, etc). Motion capture plays a huge part in getting this right.
ETA LOTR is a master class in special effects and attention to cinematic detail and production. Those movies will probably hold up for decades and age exceptionally well because of all the thought put into them.
ETA2 This may feel more cartoony because there's more CGI. The Hobbit had this problem because it was on such a rushed schedule. There was not enough time to make it the same way as LOTR and much of it was CGI. I think the big differences between LOTR and this and The Hobbit come down to Jackson's use of bigatures and more live action sets, even for large shots.