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One thing I've never understood. Why was Saito considering killing himself? He takes all of the preparatory steps but never gets around to it. Was he ashamed of how the British had pulled it off but he had not?
Yes, precisely. Saito has lost face by having to admit that his own engineers are unable to build the bridge on time. He has had to concede one point after another in order to make sure the bridge is built: "I have already given the order." The Samurai code demands that he kill himself for his failure.
I have always understood the movie to be a study of two men, each in the grip of a deadly obsession.
The code of the Samurai has led the Japanese to create an empire of oppression and death. The rules of European civilization mean nothing to Saito, who has committed war crimes in his obsessive pursuit of the objective that the Empire has assigned him: building the bridge.
But the British, too, live by their own bizarre code of "stiff upper lip" and keeping up appearances, a code which has given them their own Empire. The Colonel represents an extreme version of this code, which he follows maniacally until he very nearly makes a major contribution to the enemy's war effort.
Saito and the colonel are very similar; they are just wearing different uniforms.
It is the American--the cynic, the mocker, the anti-imperialist--who sees the hollowness of both obsessions yet finds himself (like how many millions across the planet) forced to take a side and then destroyed as the two empires clash.
As has been said, this is one of the best movies ever made.