You are just at the outside range of being able to ferment it in time. I generally let mine go for about 2 weeks, but it is safe to eat anytime before then. It just won't be as strong.
I use an old crappy french press to do the fermenting, I think it is like a 34 or 36 oz. one. I took the cap off and only use the plate and the rod to push the cabbage down. It's not a traditional crock or mason jar but it does the job just fine. If you don't have anything like that on hand, go buy a mason jar, but you will need something (like another class jar to weight the cabbage down).
1 head cabbage (2.5 pounds is the target)
1.5 tablespoons kosher salt
If desired: .5 tablespoon carraway seeds and a 1/2 teaspoon of black pepper
plain white dish towel
rubber bands
Chop your entire head of cabbage up (after removing the outside layers) and transfer to a mixing bowl. Mix in your salt a little at a time so it is evenly distributed. I like to add the carraway seeds and pepper as well at this point, but by no means is it necessary.
Pack the cabbage down into the jar, but don't pack it all the way full. put something clean and heavy inside to weigh the cabbage down. If using a mason jar, I would probably use a smaller jar with something in it to give it more weight. This is why I use the old french press, you simply push down the plate.
Boil a dish towel and secure it over the top with a rubber band. Now let it set out. Check it the next day and it should have a lot of brine in the bottom. If the brine isn't quite covering the sauerkraut, add some boiled (and cooled to room temp) water to just barely cover it. Every few days, a white film forms at the top. Scrape this off and replace your towel/cloth. Push down on the cabbage every day to pack it down nice and tight and press it a bit, then take the pressure off again. You can taste it until it is the strength you want it and put it in the fridge to stop the fermenting... By Super Bowl you should have some pretty good sauerkraut, just not as strong as I like mine.