I will wade in here and try to clarify the discussion related to the hypothetical what-if question posed earlier:
Hypothetical question was what-if, AFTER substituting a ball and playing it, she finds her original ball and then calls in a referee for help?
At that point, here's her situation: the moment that she played a stroke with the substituted ball, the original ball is LOST. Why? Because the only applicable rule that governs her actions is 27-1, lost ball. We have to find the applicable rule, and this is the one that governs (even though the player wasn't overtly proceeding under the lost ball rule). The correct procedure for lost ball, as we know, is stroke and distance. So she played from a wrong place, which is a 2 stroke penalty for a breach of 27-1. Playing from a wrong place is not a specific rule. It's a breach of an applicable rule. For example, you can play from a wrong place in proceeding under the unplayable ball rule, you can play from a wrong place in taking relief from a cart path, etc. In all of those cases, playing from a wrong place is a breach of the applicable rule, and the penalty statement for that rule is the one that applies.
In some cases you can play from a wrong place and not have to correct your error. In other cases you must correct your error--the governing principle is "did the player gain a significant advantage by playing from a wrong place?" In this case the answer was "yes."
As a side note, the easiest understood example of significant advantage/must correct error is this: ball goes into a water hazard marked yellow in front of the green. If the player drops on the green side and plays, that's a significant advantage and that error must be corrected before teeing off on the next hole to avoid a DQ. If he drops on the tee side in a wrong place because he got the spot wrong where the ball last crossed the margin, then that most likely is not a significant advantage, and correcting the error would not be required. He still gets the penalty for playing from a wrong place, he just doesn't have to go back and fix his error. Sorry for the digression.
So since she had to correct her error, the stroke played from a wrong place and subsequent strokes played with that ball do not count. Same situation when you hit a wrong ball--when a player plays a wrong ball, the strokes played with it don't count.
So, in this hypothetical instance, she would have had 1 talent stroke for her original tee shot. Then she would add a 2 penalty strokes for playing from a wrong place for a lost ball. The status of the original ball played from the tee changed to a lost ball by her act of substituting another ball and playing it.
Because she committed a serious breach of 27-1, she will be required to correct her error to avoid a DQ. At that point, she returns to the tee, adds 1 penalty stroke, and is playing her 5th shot from the tee.
I hope that helps a little.