According to my expert, different tribes would have had different structural differences. They would be knocked differently, fletched with a certain type of feather (turkey, eagle, hawk) and even the fletching would be cut in a certain pattern ( flat, rounded, sharp point). They could be one piece shafts or composite( wood and cane). They would also use a particular type of wood for shafts, generally what was common in their area. You had to be careful with the shafts because they would trade for shafts from wood outside their area. Same for point making stone material before steel points became common. Note: Starting around 1850, most arrows had steel points and even glass points
The markings were a different deal. There were so many different personal marking that they would take precedent over tribal markings. Personal marking is how they were able to claim who killed which buffalo or to say "Kilroy was here!"
SIDEBAR: When plains Indians hunted buffalo they would designate certain young men to kill for the women and children and elderly who had no one to hunt for them.
Certain tribes did have very obvious markings. The Arapaho painted lines the full length of the shaft... signifying lightning. Some were all one color and others were multicolor.
