Checking the weather forecast (for Kendall county) for the next 2-3 weeks, 95 + degree days ahead. Will dry fertilizer volatilize into the atmosphere if applied on moist ground, if it doesn't rain on it for weeks?

If I recall correctly, avoid urea (if possible), to minimize volatilization.
Producers Co-Op, local to me, can add a coating to the nitrogen, to impede loss due to heat/volatilization.

NDure I believe is what the additive was called. I used it once on 30-10-10 and had success.

Other than using a slow release N product, it is best to apply on dry ground before a rain.

Not too late. What soil are you applying to? Urea gives issues on calcareous soils when exposed to moisture (dew) - releases N as ammonia. Ammonium sulfate may also give similar issues if surface applied. Just apply a few days before a rain, and pray.

Got my fertilizer (200 lbs of 19-9-3 w/trace minerals) applied yesterday afternoon. My apprehension was centered on getting a timely rain shower on it heading into the dry summer months. (not the remaining growing season)
I'm satisfied I'll get full benefit from the application; only wish I were able to spray the weeds, but alas not set up for that operation.

There is a product you could have had them put on your dry fertilizer to kill weeds (Duracor). A buddy used some of it this year. Too late to tell you now, but now you know for next time.