A CAR gas system is 7" long.
A MID gas system is 9" long.
A Rifle gas system is 12" long.
What this translates into is different recoil impulses. We all know that the .223/5.56 doesn't "kick" per se, but it does have a bit of recoil.
All else being equal, there is a pressure difference in the barrel from the gunpowder gas between the 7" and 12" points. Therefore you have higher gas pressure entering a 7" gas tube and lower pressure gas entering the 12" gas tube. This gas is what impinges upon the bolt carrier and cycles the action. As you can probably deduce, this higher pressure in the 7" system creates more of a recoil impulse than a 12" system. What makes it worse is that a CAR buffer is only 2.9 oz, whereas a Rifle buffer is 5.2 oz. So high pressure + light buffer = gun with a larger recoil impulse that likes to jump around more on you. My A1 rifle is ridiculously smooth comparted to my M4gery. One of the ways to remedy the recoil impulse is to use a heavier buffer. Forget about the regulating or adjustable gas blocks; these are for competition shooters or special situations. Buffers come in the standard 2.9 oz, H, H2, H3, and several varieties of 9mm buffers which are even heavier. The H designations come from the 1, 2, or 3 Tungstun weight inserts in the buffer. The extra weight causes the bolt to stay locked up longer and some more of the gas to bleed off down the barrel before the carbine begins to cycle.
Buffer Weights
Midlength systems are kind of compromise between the two others. You can get away with a shorter gas system and consequently shorter barrel, while having a more rifle like recoil impulse. The military only uses the CAR and rifle systems though; there are no MID systems in use as far as I know.
Basically it boils down to using as much weight as possible in a CAR to reduce the recoil impulse. Another way to add weight is to use a M-16 bolt carrier group, which has more mass than an AR-15 or SP-1 BCG, since the isn't as much metal milled away on the bottom. This is completely legal, and there have been several BATF Determination letters issued on the subject.
Letters:
http://home.comcast.net/~cjan99999/6520-ColtM16CarrierLetter-1a.jpghttp://home.comcast.net/~cjan99999/6521-ColtM16CarrierLetter-2a.jpgBCG's:
SP-1 "Half Circle" Carrier
Here's a detailed links on the subject of gas systems:
http://www.ar15.com/content/page.html?id=256There's more out there, but I haven't been able to find links.
I'm working on a 16" MID system RECCE style carbine right now. I posted some preview pics the other day. It'll be getting an H3 buffer and M-16 BCG. Should be a very smooth shooter.
[This message has been edited by Log (edited 12/12/2007 10:45p).]