Written in 2015, this analysis by Phillip Karber helps explain a lot of what's going on...
5 Elements of Russia's New Generation WarfarePOLITICAL SUBVERSION: Insertion of agents; classic "agi-prop" information operations employing modern mass media to exploit ethnic-linguistic-class differences; corruption, compromise and intimidation of local officials; backed up with kidnapping, assassination and terrorism; recruiting discontented elements into a cellular cadre enforced with murderous discipline.
PROXY SANCTUARY: Seizing local governmental centers, police stations, airports and military depots; arming and training insurgents; creating checkpoints and destroying ingress transportation infrastructure; cyberattacks compromising victim communications; phony referendum with single party representation; establishment of a "People's Republic" under Russian tutelage.
INTERVENTION: Deploying of the Russian forces to the border with sudden large-scale exercises involving ground, naval, air and airborne troops; surreptitious introduction of heavy weapons to insurgents; creation of training and logistics camps adjacent to the border; commitment of so-called "volunteer" combined-arms Battalion Tactical Groups; integrating proxy troops into Russian equipped, supported and led higher-level formations.
COERCIVE DETERRENCE: Secret strategic force alerts and snap checks forward deployment of tactical nuclear delivery systems; theater and intercontinental "in your face" maneuvers; aggressive air patrolling of neighboring areas to inhibit their involvement.
NEGOTIATED MANIPULATION: The use and abuse of Western negotiated ceasefires to rearm their proxies; using violations to bleed the opponent's Army while inhibiting other states from helping under the fear of escalation divide the Western alliance by playing economic incentives, selective and repetitive phone negotiations infatuating a favorite security partner.
"What's this button do?"