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Among 2,773 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 786 (28%) received systemic AC during their hospital course. The median (IQR) hospitalization duration was 5 days (3-8 days). Median (IQR) time from admission to AC initiation was 2 days (0-5 days). Median (IQR) duration of AC treatment was 3 days (2-7 days). In-hospital mortality for patients treated with AC was 22.5% with a median survival of 21 days, compared to 22.8% and median survival of 14 days in patients who did not receive AC (Figure 1A). Patients who received AC were more likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation (29.8% vs 8.1%, p<0.001). Overall, we observed significantly increased baseline prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, lactate 4 dehydrogenase, ferritin, C reactive protein, and D-dimer values among individuals who received in-hospital AC as compared to those who did not. These differences were not observed, however, among mechanically ventilated patients. In patients who required mechanical ventilation (N=395), in-hospital mortality was 29.1% with a median survival of 21 days for those treated with AC as compared to 62.7% with a median survival of 9 days in patients who did not receive AC (Figure 1B). In a multivariate proportional hazards model, longer duration of AC treatment was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (adjusted HR of 0.86 per day, 95% confidence interval 0.82-0.89, p<0.001).

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