Broad topic, so I am assuming you are wanting a broad history rather than a regional or philosopher specific approach?
Most of the recommended books are kind of old.
The Crisis of the European Mind by Paul Hazard was written in the 1930s but is still recommended as a go-to.
I see Louis Dupre's "he Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture" as recommended as well. That is a more recent work.