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I think today's "PG-13" language was used in extreme situations back then, but today's "rated R" language was generally shunned. The really crude, sexually oriented terms were scarce. I've heard stories of soldiers being disciplined for foul language during WWII. Social norms have changed a lot in 70 years.
My comments are a sidebar to this discussion--intense and gritty film, by the way--but Paul Fussell, who was a 2nd Lt. in the infantry and served in combat during WWII, has written a book entitled
Wartime (1989) in which he has a whole section called "Fresh Idiom." His point therein is that both British and American troops, especially the enlisted ranks, used wild, imaginative obscenities as a way of dealing with the obscenities of war and as a way of attaining an anarchic freedom (in language) denied them in their daily regimented lives. Fussell uses numerous and pretty convincing examples to prove his case.
A couple of other somewhat anecdotal examples leap to mind: Norman Mailer, a veteran of the Pacific campaign, used the F word extensively (though disguised as "fug") in
The Naked and the Dead, and William Manchester, who fought as a Marine in the Pacific campaign, also makes use of the dreaded F in his memoir
Goodbye, Darkness.
It is also clear that upon their return to the States, veterans cleaned up their speech and feigned horror at the uses of obscenities they were probably quite familiar with.