Cheating will be a big issue. It was in the spring and that's when grades didn't even count. There is no software or exam development strategy that can completely eliminate cheating (I have some expertise in this area). The other broader issue is simply consistency in assessment modes. You cannot have two groups of kids have their grades (and class rank etc) arrived at via different assessment tools. I'm not sure if that's even "legal" but certainly any school district would be opening themselves up to grade appeals and likely lawsuits. May sound extreme, but the top 10% rule exists in Texas and thus class rank has real consequences (& of course GPA broadly affects colleges admission, scholarships...) not sure of the solution other than requiring online students to come on to campus to take exams (they'll likely be coming in for sports/activities anyway) or just not having grades count once again until school is "back to normal." Simply having every student take exams online doesn't address the cheating issue that will occur. I couldn't agree with OP more. This is a big deal and the school districts need to know it's a big deal (and that just "trying to make parallel exams, implement timed exams for online kids, purchasing software that tries to screen for cheating..." is not going to effective. Too many ways around it and the stakes are high for many kids)