It's a Second Temple book written heavily influenced by the recent domination of the Jews and Holy Land first by the Babylonians, then the Persians, and then the Greeks. The Bible talks much about the reasons Judah was conquered by the Babylonians, and David goes into some detail about the following empires up to the fracturing of Alexander's empire. However, even when the Jews are returned to the Holy Land, they weren't independent for a very long time. Even when they were, they weren't a major player on the world stage. They were a small, relatively weak kingdom. From the time of the Maccabbean revolt until the time of Pompei, they were really just more trouble than they were worth. So the big empires left them alone. This left the Jews with something of an identity crisis. After all, they worshipped the greatest God. So why were these pagans more powerful than them? A Greek person would probably claim the superiority of the Greek culture and religion as the reason for this, and that is clearly not acceptable to a Second Temple Jew.
Enter the book of Enoch. In the Babylonian religion, technology like fire, agriculture, pottery, stoneworking, metalworking and the like were given to humans directly from their gods. This technological advantage made Babylon a metropolitan capital of learning for millenia and made Babylonian empires (or other empires that conquered Babylon) world superpowers. So in Enoch we see the same story of heavenly beings giving technology to humans, only these beings are fallen angels who are evil and in opposition to God. It's the same story with a twist to let the Jews save some pride. After all, the Babylonians conquered us with technology gotten from fallen angels, but Jews still worshipped the one Most High God.
Now the Greeks come into the picture. Alexander's Macedonians take down the Persian Empire like it's made of paper. Not only is their military strength unmatched, but also they have philosophy, mathematics, the arts and advanced systems of government. Talk about a good reason for Jews to feel inferior. One of the lynchpins of Greek identity was the idea of heroes born of gods. Hercules, Perseus, Achilles and many more heroes and exemplary people were said to be demigods. In the Illiad we see that many of the greatest warriors all claimed some divine ancestry, whether immediate or distant. So the Book of Enoch accounts for this as well. These Greek demigods are the offspring of the fallen angels already mentioned mating with human women. So while these people were strong, they were abominations.
Overall, the Book of Enoch is Second Temple Judaism trying to retain a religious and moral high ground against the religious beliefs of the outstandingly successful Greeks and Babylonians. So in Enoch the Jews are less advanced techonologically, less strong physically, and less advanced culturally, but they are still the good guys.
Enoch is also one of the early example of apocalyptic literature. In this genre the people of God are rescued and exalted after God uses His power to destroy the nations of the earth. This follows the pattern of keeping the Jews as the good guys, the powerful nations as evil, and adds an worldwide accounting where the Jews will be powerful and exalted again as a reward for their faithfulness. Most apocalyptic literature is written in symbolic codes, probably because the mighty empires wouldn't appreciate circulating prophecies that called from them to be overthrown and destroyed.
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