There's a really interesting academic paper that examines Paul's argument from nature in 1 Corinthians 11 from the perspective of ancient physiology. Here's a brief summary:
"The apostle Paul wanted women to cover their tresses while praying because he like the rest of Hellenistic culture then believed that the long hair of adult females was the sexual equivalent of male testicles, according to a newly published study.
Citing writings from Aristotle, Euripedes and the disciples of Hippocrates, the "father of medicine," Troy W. Martin of St. Xavier University in Chicago said that Paul reflected the physiology of his time in believing that the hair of adult women "is part of female genitalia." Martin's article appears in the spring issue of the
Journal of Biblical Literature.
Modern commentators on the First Letter to the Corinthians have often confessed their confusion over exactly what Paul was telling the Greek church to do. Martin contends that is partly because Paul used a sexual euphemism in 1 Corinthians 11:15 for a word translated as "covering." The word means "testicle" in works by Euripedes and a second-century AD Greek novelist, he said."
https://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=271[url=https://www.sbl-site.org/publications/article.aspx?articleId=271][/url]Mike Heiser has a podcast episode on this as well as a link to the paper.
http://www.nakedbiblepodcast.com/naked-bible-86-the-head-covering-of-1-corinthians-1113-15/[url=http://www.nakedbiblepodcast.com/naked-bible-86-the-head-covering-of-1-corinthians-1113-15/][/url]Podcast transcript.
http://www.nakedbiblepodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Transcript-86-Head-Covering-1Corinthians11.pdf