Aggrad08 said:
It's not proof in a pure ontological sense, but basically very little meets that standard if you're a human being. It's proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Its as firmly proven as most anything we consider proved in our daily use of the word. We use these same standards of evidence as more than enough proof to take away a mans freedom and put him in a cage. To build our buildings bridges and vehicles to treat the sick and the dying.
To put it simply. The objection that the laws of the universe are not provable isn't at all strong. No more so than the objection that we might be in a simulation. And this shouldn't be used as a foundation from which to form a criticism of a firm believe in the uniformity of the laws of the universe.
I agree with basically everything you said except the bolded piece. The point being that nothing can truly be known with 100% degree of certainty in the realm of science and so all scientific conclusions actually lie somewhere on a realm of probability, and at the end of the day when there are competing theories, we choose the one that is most probable based on the available evidence. And with most things that we consider "proved" that level of confidence is very high, but as stated, never 100%.
I slightly disagree with the bolded part on a theoretical basis. Because I don't agree that some of these concepts can be considered to be proved to the same degree as others, even if they maintain a high degree of confidence. For instance, or models that show how gravity effects the rate of fall of an object in a vacuum can be demonstrated and directly measured in a controlled experiment. With historical sciences, for instance the element distribution example, I can create models based on observations, apply it to observed and extrapolated past and see if it fits and use that as evidence to validate the model, but i cannot make a model that predicts elemental distribution in a universe based on age, and then set up a new universe, "big bang" it and measure the change in elemental distribution, as it's age changes. I still give it a great degree of confidence, but to say it has the same degree of confidence as something that can be experimentally tested i feel is slightly disingenuous.
And i agree it isn't all that strong, i'm simply pointing out that the belief in the uniformity of the laws of the universe is an assumption. a really good one, but still an assumption.
Edit: and to build those buildings and bridges we trust our assumptions so much that we build in large safety factors to account for pieces of the puzzle we missed in our assumptions