Lots of doom and gloom amidst the SE Texas meteorologists. We will see if it hypes out.
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***Severe Weather Outbreak likely Saturday afternoon and evening***
Warm air advection regime in place this morning with scattered showers and even a few pockets of heavy rain across the area. This will continue into the afternoon hours and then shift north and west with the core axis of the low level jet. Expect a fairly inactive overnight period. Main focus continues to be on Saturday which is covered from this point on.
Saturday:
Powerful upper level storm system currently over southern CA will move ESE today and tonight and sweep across TX on Saturday. Ingredients will come together to produce at least a couple of rounds of potentially severe thunderstorms Saturday afternoon and evening. Upper level system will move directly over SC TX Saturday evening taking on a slight SE to NW tilt (this indicates the trough axis is tilting negative compared to most of the time when they are positive or SW to NE). This tilt allows the cold pocket aloft associated with the storm system to overrun the warm sector ahead of the system to the SE allowing that warm sector air mass to become very unstable (cold air over warm air is unstable in the atmosphere). Additionally, very strong jet stream dynamics will come to bear across the region with 250mb high level winds splitting apart from the coastal bend through NE TX which allows general overall rising air motions. A 40kt low level jet will be in place from the coastal bend to NC TX which will be overtopped by a 100kt mid level jet streak out of the WSW. Wind profiles show strong low level veering of the wind field over the coastal bend and SE TX with 0-6km shear values of 60-70kts and 0-1km helicity values of 200-400 m^2/s^2. This all points to a lot of wind energy and certainly the potential for thunderstorm updrafts to rotate (turn with height). While the shear is there the instability is still lacking some. Forecasted CAPE values are in the 700-1200 J/kg range for Saturday afternoon which is not much surface based energy. The main reason for the lack of instability is the expected widespread cloud cover and showers/thunderstorms across the warm sector. The spreading of the cold pocket aloft could help increase these values some along with any breaks in the overcast. With that said, past historic severe weather outbreaks in November have not required significant amounts of CAPE and the forecasted energy values on Saturday fall very close in line with past analog outbreaks which produced both severe weather and tornadoes, so while I would like to see better values (say around 1500) what we currently are seeing forecasted can get the job done.
Main threats will be wind damage and isolated to possibly scattered tornadoes.
Tornado:
Tornado threat remains conditional on favorable shear and instability to align and this looks possible early Saturday afternoon along a SE to NW orientated boundary from Matagorda Bay to Austin. TTU 3km WRF has shown this setup in the last few model runs of severe storms (some supercells) developing on this boundary and lifting NE across SE TX Saturday afternoon. This boundary appears to be the maritime front separating the truly tropical air to the SW over the western Gulf from the more modified tropical air mass in place over the region currently. Low level winds will likely be backed some along this boundary and this supports an increased tornado risk on storms crossing over the boundary. Would like to see the HRRR runs late today to see if that model suggests a similar setup to add confidence. Will focus the greatest tornado threat along and SW of a line from College Station to Houston to Galveston.
Secondary tornado threat may exists with incoming squall line/MCS Saturday evening. Linear mode of activity should reduce the threat, but notches and local enhanced vorticity in the line could result in weak tornadoes along the line. This is what we commonly see in this part of TX that results in trees blown down and some roof damage. This threat will cover the entire region.
Wind Damage:
Plenty of wind energy will be in place so it will not take much to produce strong winds. While the initial development of supercells with a tornado risks is possible Saturday afternoon strong upper air forcing arrives Saturday evening and this will likely result in a squall line developing and moving out of central TX. Potential is there for bowing segments in the line to transport strong winds aloft to the surface resulting in corridors of wind damage. Leading edge winds of 50-70mph will be possible along this line of thunderstorms.
Heavy Rainfall/Flooding:
PWS surge to +2SD above normal by Saturday afternoon and with lift maximized from multiple sources there is little doubt it is going to rain. Heavy rainfall will be possible under the stronger cells and would expected rainfall rates of 1-2 inches likely possibly in a short period of time. This amount of rain can be handled. Fast storm motions should negate any serious flood threat and boundary orientation compared to the upper flow on Saturday is perpendicular not parallel. Only concern is potential for any warm sector supercells to anchor or train as these storms would certainly be producing copious rainfall rates.
Large Hail:
Cold pocket aloft moving over top of the warm sector does increase the hail threat, but the freezing level is fairly high and the sounding moist so think the large hail threat is the lowest risk. Hail is possible, but compared to the wind and tornado risk it is the lowest of the three.
Timing:
Thunderstorms may erupt as early as 1000am around Matagorda Bay with these storms increasing and spreading across SE TX. Area will be under the highest threat from about noon to midnight.
Will update again this evening as additional meso scale model data become available and attempt to refine/define the greatest tornado/severe threat area.
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Update from Jeff:
Severe Weather Outbreak remains likely Saturday afternoon and evening
Reduction in tornado threat
Increase in flash flood threat
There has been little to no change in the forecast reasoning from this morning, but incoming meso scale models and ongoing air mass trends over the coastal bend and SE TX suggest refinement of the severe weather threats on Saturday are needed.
While incoming data suggest the warm sector air mass will become unstable and shear profiles will be significant, the formation of numerous clusters of strong to severe thunderstorms across the warm sector from late morning to early afternoon suggest a decrease in the tornado risk. Large scale forcing will result in significant lift and widespread development of thunderstorms more in favor of clusters and lines versus the more concerning discrete supercell structures that tend to produce the more longer lived and stronger tornadoes. While supercells in the warm sector are still possible, the overall threat appears to be more from clusters and lines which support more of a wind damage versus tornado threat. Weaker tornadoes are also more likely in this setup especially along the leading edge of any bowing line segments. Any discrete cells that do manage to develop away from other storms will have an enhanced tornado threat and this would most likely be along and south of I-10.
Forecast models have also showed a slight slowing of the weather system and significantly more development of warm sector thunderstorms. This is increasing the threat for cell training and a more prolonged period of heavy rainfall potential. In fact the latest run of the TX Tech 3km WRF model shows nearly continuous thunderstorm development over SE TX from late morning through late evening on Saturday and supports training bands. WPC upped the QPF totals on their morning outlook and this certainly appears reasonable with widespread amounts of 1-3 inches possible and isolated totals of up to 4 inches. This increases the threat for urban flooding under cores of excessive rainfall where hourly rates may exceed 2.0 inches.
The damaging wind threat still remains as discussed earlier as there is good wind energy aloft that can and will be transported down to the surface in storm downdrafts supporting corridors of wind damage. This will be highlighted on Saturday once it becomes clear where this potential is greatest.
Residents across SE TX should be aware of the severe weather potential Saturday afternoon and evening and stay updated on current weather conditions and warning products. If a warning is issued for your area act quickly. Research shows that the ability of warning information to reach the public on the weekend decreases as "other activities" increase and many people are not as "in tune" as they are during the work week. Make it a point to at least check weather conditions a few times Saturday afternoon and evening.
quote:It's gonna be a lot of rain, chain lightning and very loud thunder yo.
What the heck did I just watch?
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Damn FWA, ton of ppl going and coming from there that I know.....I'm headed down Tuesday morning
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I figured nothing would happen when the hype started days ago.
quote:Same here in the Heights.
It's rained so much in Cypress the concrete is wet and turned my wipers on for a few seconds. Touch and go around here boys